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This module explores the degree to which humans have deleterious effects on oceans through the introduction of substances or energy, and the ways in which these are managed and remediated. Students will examine how different kind of inputs are affecting the oceans. Moreover, The International Conventions will be analysed, in order to understand the existing regulations and the procedures followed in cases of marine pollution. |
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Upon completion of the course students will be able to demonstrate a detailed and systematic knowledge of the sources of inputs, such as direct falls, river inputs, offshore inputs and atmosphere inputs. They will understand the existing regulations of the International Conventions for the prevention of pollution from ships. (MARPOL 73/78 and its annexes) and know the legally binding agreements of countries and each nation's respective responsibilities under the agreements. |
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Sources of inputs, Oxygen-demanding wastes
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Environmental impact of oil pollution, commercial damage from oil pollution, contingency planning
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Marpol 1973/78 (annexes I-VI)
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Water pollution from antifouling paints and shipwrecks
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Management of ballast water pollution
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Radioactive materials and shipping
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National and international legislation concerning the protection of the marine environment
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International conventions concerning protection of the marine environment (The London Dumping Convention (LDC) 1972) etc.
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R.B. Clark, Marine Pollution, Oxford University Press, U.K., (2013) ISBN: 978-0198792925
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MARPOL 1973/78, with Annexes I-VI.
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M. Grant Gross, Oceanography, 7th Edition, Prentice-Hall International, Inc, USA, 1997 5. New Worldwide, Tanker Nominal Freight Scale, “The Worldscale”, Worldscale Association (London) Limited and Worldscale Association (NYC) Inc, 2017.
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Open questions, case studies, problem solving exercises, drafting of an essay. |